First of all, this is not a list for the women who often get short shrift in canon but who fortunately get more love in fandom, at least in the corners of the internet I frequent. Women like:

Nor is it for awesome characters who only showed up once or twice, like:

Even though they are terrific too.
This list is focusing only on women who have been regular or recurring characters at some point, and who either don't really get discussed much by fans, or who are often portrayed or perceived as one-dimensional, annoying and whiny, incapable, or just there to get in the way of a slash pairing.
Here's why they're actually awesome.
5. Kasidy Yates

Who Is She? A freighter captain who works around Bajor
What's She Like? Fun. Principled. Capable. Affectionate.
What is There to Talk About? Captaining a freighter during wartime. Why she decided to move to Bajor. Her relationship with her brother. Her implied religious upbringing and heritage. The discomfort that causes her in relation to the Bajoran faith. Her friendship with Jake. How she relates to Kira. Her interest in baseball. Her time in prison. What she does after the series has ended. Her sub-par cooking skills.
Why Is She Awesome? She does what she thinks is right no matter what the consequences.
4. Tasha Yar

Who Is She? A security chief on the Enterprise
What's She Like? Dedicated. Passionate. Friendly. Brave.
What is There to Talk About? Her experiences on Turkana IV. Her relationship with her sister. Her friendship with Data. Her intense devotion to Starfleet. Her first meeting with Picard. How she managed at the Academy without any prior formal education. Her friendship with Deanna. Her interest in martial arts and sport.
Why Is She Awesome? She does her job very well, and loves doing it with all her heart.
3. Kes

Who Is She? A medic and airponics expert on Voyager
What's She Like? Strong-willed. Empathetic. Curious. Intelligent.
What is There to Talk About? What made her want to leave her life on Ocampa? Does she ever miss it? Her relationship with Neelix. Working in the airponics bay and Sickbay. An Ocampan childhood. Her experiences with the Kazon. Her feelings about her mental powers. The Elogium. The aftermath of her time with Tieran.
Why Is She Awesome? She left everything she ever knew so that she could have adventures on other worlds.
2. Keiko O'Brien

Who Is She? A botanist and school teacher on the Enterprise, Deep Space Nine and Bajor
What's She Like? Loving. Focused. Musical. Tenacious.
What is There to Talk About? How she fell in love with botany. How she joined the Enterprise. What it's like to be a civilian in a Starfleet facility. Her interest in fashion. Her pride in her heritage. Her close relationship with her grandmother. Choosing her career over staying on Deep Space Nine. Living on Bajor. Refusing to teach the Celestial Temple.
Why Is She Awesome? She raised kids while holding down a job, and during a war.
1. Kate Pulaski

Who Is She? Chief medical officer on the Enterprise
What's She Like? Easy-going. Practical. Open-minded. Modest.
What is There to Talk About? Her transporter phobia. Her ground-breaking work in ocular implant surgery and viral propagation research. Her love of traditional remedies. Her admiration for Picard. Her friendship with Deanna. Her three marriages. Her low regard for the Prime Directive. Gradually growing to understand Data. Her interest in Klingon culture. Her skill at poker.
Why Is She Awesome? She prescribes chicken soup to her patients and drinks poisonous tea.
These are just my personal top five. Feel free to suggest more - as well as share recs - in the comments!
images from Trekcore
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Date: 2011-02-01 11:13 pm (UTC)I actually don't know of any fic for these fine ladies, so I would love recs.
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Date: 2011-02-01 11:27 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-01 11:39 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-01 11:44 pm (UTC)Recs!
Date: 2011-02-02 12:15 am (UTC)(And oh, this is an awesome post.)
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Date: 2011-02-02 12:42 am (UTC)Re: Recs!
Date: 2011-02-02 12:42 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 12:47 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 12:54 am (UTC)Tasha was my first girlcrush in the Trek 'verse. Keiko! Kasidy!!! And omg, Kes was the only reason I stayed with Voyager as long as I did. *snuggles them all*
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Date: 2011-02-02 12:57 am (UTC)And totally agree with your list, they all deserve more love! :)
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Date: 2011-02-02 02:02 am (UTC)Kirk: Hey, Spock, do your mind thing to that Romulan guy.
Spock 'K. Oh, look, he knows where Pike is.
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Date: 2011-02-02 02:59 am (UTC)The "Why is she awesome" for Pulaski will have me cracking up 'til tomorrow.
I love all these ladies and agree wholeheartedly, and must also add: KASIDY, WHAT UP. ♥
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Date: 2011-02-02 09:00 am (UTC)(Which, dammit, their love is special, but... KEIKO!!)
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Date: 2011-02-02 09:01 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 09:02 am (UTC)Yeah, it mystifies me that Kes doesn't get more attention, she's brilliant!
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Date: 2011-02-02 09:03 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 09:04 am (UTC)And, well... is is why she's awesome! At least partly. The Klingon tea ceremony thing is one of my favourite Pulaski moments.
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Date: 2011-02-02 09:31 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 09:34 am (UTC)Pulaski is so awesome there aren't even words for it.
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Date: 2011-02-02 09:46 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-02 11:45 am (UTC)T'Pring fic recs
Date: 2011-02-03 01:19 am (UTC)It looks like Rubynye has already pointed you in the direction of Medie, who is excellent, but here are a few other stories I've found featuring the most awesome of all Vulcans:
Having, Wanting (http://community.livejournal.com/reboot_genfic/1063.html) by
An interesting look at T'Pring from Spock Prime's perspective, taking place in the aftermath of Vulcan. Very deftly-written and characterized, quite lovely and sad. I would have preferred if the author had not implied (briefly) that T'Pring was in the wrong in Amok Time, but then, not everyone shares my views on that particular episode.
Warnings: discussion of minor character death.
Sympathy for the Devil (http://www.fanfiction.net/s/452636/1/Sympathy_for_the_Devill) by RabbleRouser (link goes to ff.net)
Amok Time and the events leading up to it, from T'Pring's perspective. This one is one of the longest and most plotty T'Pring fics I've found, and very well written. In spite of the title, it actually does a very good job of not demonizing her - in fact, T'Pring is definitely the good guy in this, although Spock is not demonized either. I absolutely love the agency she shows at the end, and not just through saying no to Spock.
Warnings: This fic is pretty unflinching in addressing the nastier implications of the hints of Vulcan society we see in Amok Time, and while it does not contain anything gruesome or explicit, it may be triggering to some readers. Contains frank discussion of potential sexual assault.
One Half the World (http://www.fanfiction.net/s/6076059/1/One_Half_the_World) by OtakuLibra (link goes to ff.net)
T'Pring and Gaila. Can there be a more awesome combination? No. No, there cannot. This fic starts out relatively lighthearted, acquires a more serious edge, then finishes up on a lovely sweet note with a hint of T'Pring/Gaila
Warnings: Some discussion of homophobia/biphobia
Also, while I really cannot speak for the quality of my own work, I did write a short vignette from T'Pring's perspective before Amok Time, which is here (http://silvr-dagger.livejournal.com/2731.html#cutid1) at my journal, if you are interested.
Warnings: non-explicit/allusive mention of potential sexual assault
If anyone has any other recs, please let me know - I am always hoping for more T'Pring fic.
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Date: 2011-02-03 01:22 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-03 02:24 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2011-02-03 03:11 pm (UTC)Keiko same thing! Yes she started on TNG but on DS9 she got much more life and her trials of trying to find her own place, her relationship with her husband, being a teacher and researching, going to Bajor. Oh love her.
DS9 women really are pretty the bosses of trek in general, just saying :-p